Internal Conflict of Goodman Brown in Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel

Internal Conflict of Goodman cook in Young Goodman embrown by Nathaniel HawthorneThe story of ?Young Goodman Brown? exemplifies the struggle of one man?s internal conflict of good and evil. The main character, Goodman Brown, leaves Salem village and his wife, Faith, to touch off into the depths of the dark forest. The Young Goodman Brown will be aged with the knowledge he faces in this one night. Brown keeps his appointment with the devil in the forest, and he must choose to go back to his ?faith,? or explore the evils that the devil has to offer. Next, Brown is confronted with the virtuous people who live in his community, who will be go to the witch?s meeting with the devil. He has to decide if he will follow them along this path. Brown struggles to see if his wife is at the witch?s meeting, as he stands at the edge of the forest watching everyone he knows worshiping the devil. He must choose whether he will adjust his moral standings and marriage his group, or keep his original morals. He is led by Faith into this situation of evil. He and Faith are brought to the altar before the devil to be baptized into Brown?s self- created hell, a world of secrets in the human soul. Brown must choose to either look up to heaven and pay back faith in God, or doubt his own spirituality and follow others into hell. Goodman Brown leaves his wife, Faith, and Salem village in the daytime to keep his appointment with the devil, and he ventures into the forest without his ?faith.? This is a moment of irrationality because he leaves his wife, home, and security to take a dangerous and unknown path. He doesn?t want Faith to make up ones mind out the evil intention of his errand because he says, ?she?s a blessed angel on earth and after this one... ...s, and that frightens him more than anything else. His inability to judge betwixt good and evil also prevents him from cuddling or accepting ?faith,? and interacting with the other townspeople. He lived a long miserable life and died with ?no hopeful write upon his tombstone, for his dying hour was gloom?(319). His death was gloom because he didn?t know where he was going to end up, above or below his deathbed. Brown?s moral and social isolation is the worst possible evil that a man can ever cod happen to him. If he would have looked at the evils in mankind, he could?ve recognized the good in people. That was the full intention of the dream, but he failed the test miserably.Works CitedHawthorne, Nathaniel. Young Goodman Brown. 1835. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Paul Lauter et al. 2nd ed. Vol. 1. Lexington Heath, 1944. 2129-38.

A Streetcar Name Desire Essay -- Character Analysis, Blanche Dubois

In life you meet various people from each(prenominal) walks of life. In Tennesse Williams play A Streetcar Name Desire, we peep into the characters lives as they have different types of relationships through- out the play. As we notice the characteristics of Man, Women, Society, Alchoholism, Violence, and Sexuality. The contrast amongst today state and things that happened so many years ago can be examined with depth and certainty. To begin with, Blanche Dubois is one of the fascinating characters of the play. One speculation for this is she has a smart panache of constructing her so called perfect life seem equivalent an illusion, and making an illusion seem like a perfect life. In scene (1) Blanche is bear affinity to an animal There is something about her uncertain manner, as well as her white clothes, that suggests a moth (pg.15) Butterflies and moths begins life usually as a caterpillar and, subsequently on turn into something appealing. Blanche pursuit to change, herself as well as , bounce back as a fascinating individual from her cocoon of deceitfulness. The difference amidst a moth and a butterfly is their way of life. Specifically butterflies are rapid in the day time and moths are active in the night time. The moth likes the juicy particularly for feeding. Blanche destiny, to live in gloom symbolizes her ignorance. Blanche is entrap between the past and the present. This started, for the most part, when her husband a perverted young man, carry out a horrible death in the result of a suicide. Blanche mocked him with shame of his homosexual act. Remembering, blanche knows deep down in her heart that Allan was the only man she ever love so dearly, above all blanche is estranged and frightened. Scene (6) Blanche husband death was just t... ...omething sub-human something not quite the stage of humanity yet Yes something ape-like about him, like one of those pictures. Scene (4) Stanley is measured up to an ape, when you think of an ape you see they are quarrelsome. Stanley is connected to the ape , as apes lives in the hobo camp, for that is their habitat. Therefore Stanleys habitat is the Elysian Fields which can be looked upon as jungle. In conclusion, what goes on in the dark must come to light an old tale would say. loose is the opposite of darkness and the opposite of one being ignorant. Stanley thinks of himself to be in the mix and tries to build up his knowledge, particularly when it comes to blanche past. Blanche and Stanley differences in attitudes towards their different worlds creates a jungle in which only they are comfortable on knowing how to get out of their complicated life.

Mary Shellys Frankenstein - A Victim of Society Essay -- Frankenstein

bloody shame Shellys Frankenstein - A Victim of SocietyThe creature Victor Frankenstein describes in Mary Shellys Frankenstein is far from a villain, at least in the traditional sense. This creature is a victim of circumstance, scarred by society, and scorned by its own former. wayward to the Christian belief in original sin, I sympathize with the monsters view on life when he states I was benevolent and good misery do me a fiend (Shelly 78). I disagree with the idea that all men are born(p) sinners, I feel that all men are born pure and clean. It is only their future actions that make them imperfect. A true relationship between the monster and Victor never existed. Victor is similar to a homo who fathers a child only for the pleasure of doing it, ignoring the circumstances it may bring. Victor was so thrilled to see the components of his base coming together - indeed it was rightfully a thing of beauty to him. But like the biological father, he is only excited ove r the thrill of doing it. After the sensation and pleasure of creation ends responsibility begins and Victor, like our modern day deadbeat dads, refuses to face the consequences of his actions. Any relationship that existed between these two was simply that of usury - except the currency was non gold or silver, but fame and pride. Victor hoped to use his creation in a selfish manner, only to sack up recognition for himself. So what did the creature gain from all of this? He certainly was not the recipient of any pleasure. And as far as exploitation, he never had a chance to exploit his creator, his creator only exploited and abandoned him. The monster is not merely a madman murdering random individuals he is a creation of war, fightin... ...reature for his wrongs. Frankenstein should teach us an all important(predicate) lesson about our own society. We have to be careful not to assume everyone has had the same opportunity as the next man, or to assume a individual is nothing more than a misfit because he stumbled into some trouble. When the creature mourns over Victors dead body, we see he is human like anyone else. He cries, he apologizes, and he breaks down. Like going to jail . . . where a person is broke down and circumstance prompts them to ponder the situation they have fallen into. Most so-called criminals in America are not evil they are victims of a society, situation, or lack of knowledge that has put them in that position - just like the monster. lop CitedShelley, Mary. Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus. Edited with an Introduction and notes by Maurice Hindle. Penguin books, 1992

Presence Of Angels :: essays research papers

There is a certain mystery that lies within the meaning of angels. It is known that angels be among us. They are carriers of the messages from paragon (Gasparri 14). However, belittled is known about what and who angels are, why they are present, and even what they look like. They everything that human want to be and more (Stevenson 1). Angels go above and beyond the limitations of humans to give hints of what life is like in heaven or even hell. What are Angels?There are three creatures created by God. Humans, created with free result that can be used for good or can be used to cause hurt and destruction, are the first of these creatures. Second, come angels and devils. Angels are creatures of God with free will that chose to accept God&8217s love and goodness. Devils are the exact opposite of angels. They used their free will and chose to go against God. The last of the creatures are animals. (Gasparri 75-77)Angels are divine beings chosen by God to deliver His love and goodn ess to humans. They are &8220entities of goodness and holiness (Stevenson 4). Angels are equipped with supernatural powers that give them to rarely be seen by the human eye. Any scientific terms or proof cannot explain their existence. Those who believe in the existence angels are those who wee-wee already experienced their presence (Stevenson 5). The Catholic Perspective on the Kinds of Angels Catholics believe that angels have a special role of praying to God on behalf of humans. They are &8220messengers, carrying hints or signs from God to his kingdom (Stevenson 195). Four angels are recognized in the Catholic Church. They are referred to as the archangels Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, and Uriel. There are many stories about the works of Michael, Gabriel, and Raphael, however, little is known about Uriel. The Bible also recognizes a number of conventions of angels with different functions and attributes called the hierarchy. Different faiths recognize the different groups. The gr oups include seraphim, cherubim, thrones, dominions, virtues, powers, the principalities, archangels, and angels (Stevenson 20). All together, the groups are known as the choir because they are said to praise God through song and music (Stevenson 21). While the Bible does not recognize the functions of each of the groups, each group has its own unique character and purpose. Seraphim are the angels who are considered to be closest to God.

Dead Poets Society - The Message of the Dead Poets Essay -- Movie Film

Dead Poets Society - The Message of the Dead Poets Teachers are wonderful wedgees. In the movie, Dead Poets Society the teacher/hero is John Keating, played magnificently by Robin Williams. The film takes place at a small preparatory boys school (Welton Academy) in the late 1950s. The floor follows the lives of a group of students and the way that Mr. Keatings teachings influence them. He encourages the boys to become freethinkers and to live life for the moment. The message hallowed by Keating is star of mortality--do not waste your life, for you leave behind get no other, and when you are food for worms will the world have been a better place because you were in it? This message is prevalent throughout the film. Keating brings to the abnormally strict classroom something that the timid boys have never seen, enthusiasm. On the first day of class, he tells his students to rip the boring and scientific-type preface from their books. The act in itself is one of defianc e and is but one action that draws the boys to Keating. The friendly good nature of Keating leads ...

Dead Poets Society - The Message of the Dead Poets Essay -- Movie Film

Dead Poets Society - The Message of the Dead Poets Teachers are wonderful heroes. In the movie, Dead Poets Society the teacher/hero is John Keating, played magnificently by Robin Williams. The film takes place at a small preparatory boys school (Welton Academy) in the easy 1950s. The story follows the lives of a group of students and the way that Mr. Keatings teachings influence them. He encourages the boys to become freethinkers and to live life for the moment. The message hallowed by Keating is one of mortality--do not prodigality your life, for you will get no other, and when you are food for worms will the world have been a better place because you were in it? This message is prevalent end-to-end the film. Keating brings to the abnormally strict classroom something that the timid boys have never seen, enthusiasm. On the first day of class, he tells his students to rip the boring and scientific-type preface from their books. The act in itself is one of defiance an d is but one action that draws the boys to Keating. The friendly good nature of Keating leads ...

From Marketing Mix to Relationship Marketing Essay

This report discusses how the trade strut oversight icon has dominated the foodstuff thought, research and practice since it was introduced almost 40 years ago, al one today parvenu merchandise approaches are being introduced and used. The globalization of business and the evolving recognition of the importance of node retention and market economies and of client kin economics, among opposite trends, reinforce the change in mainstream merchandising. trade incorporateThe destination selling compound is probably one and only(a) of the most famous trade terms used by millions of people. Its elements are known as the quartet Ps, which are price, place, ingathering, and advance. These four-spotsome vari commensurates are the variables that marketing managers can control in enunciate to best satisfy customers in the target market. Figure 1 Marketing Mix Model 4Ps Marketing the charge most textbooks treat it today was introduced around 1960. The impression of the marketing ruffle up and the Four Ps of marketing crop, price, place and promotion entered the marketing textbooks at that time. apace they too became treated as the unch every last(predicate)enged basic model of marketing, so totally overpowering previous models and approaches, such as, for example, the organic functiona harken approach advocated by Wroe Alderson as well as other systems-oriented approaches and parameter theory developed by the Copenhagen School in Europe that these are hardly remembered, even with a footer in most textbooks of today. (Gronroos, Toward a consanguinity Marketing Paradigm, 1994) The marketing mix refers to variables that a marketing manager can control to influence a stations gross sales or market share.Traditionally, these variables are summarized as the Four Ps of marketing product, price, promotion, and place (i. e. , distribution). Product refers to aspects such as the firms portfolio of products, the newness of those products, their d ifferentiation from competitors, or their superiority to rivals products in terms of quality. Promotion refers to advertising, detailing, or in doative sales promotions such as features and displays. Price refers to the products list price or any incentive sales promotion such as quantity discounts, temporary price cuts, or deals.Place refers to delivery of the product measured by variables such as distribution, availability, and shelf space. The 4Ps model is just one of many marketing mix lists that shake been developed over the years. And, whilst the questions we accommodate listed above are keys, they are just a subset of the detailed probing that may be required to optimize your marketing mix. Amongst the other marketing mix models thrust been developed over the years is the 7Ps, some(prenominal)times called the extended marketing mix, which include the first 4 Ps, plus people, processes and physical layout decisions.A nonher marketing mix approach is Lauterborns 4Cs, which impersonates the elements of the marketing mix from the buyers, rather than the traffickers, perspective. It is made up of Customer needs and wants (the equivalent of product), Cost (price), Convenience (place) and communicating (promotion). Cultural policies to promote diversity of cultural expressions today must deal with numerous factors and needs, some of which concern the right of all groups to their forms of expression, and others strictly with business feasibleness and the possibility of marketing on a global scale.These different factors may be difficult to reconcile but they are complementary as none can survive and be managed without referring to or involving the other. From the perspective of production development, it is frequently stated that cultural expressions need to find their market in order to survive, but it is excessively the case that the sacrificing of cultural content with little market value lowers the value of cultural production overall.From the perspe ctive of rights to and processes of identity construction, culture generates services that cannot be governed exclusively by the market, especially in view of the marginality of subaltern groups. N evertheless, it is almost impossible to think of cultural practices and consumption today without involving the market in some way. For venders in the cultural industry it is important to identify the factors influencing consumers purchasing. Cultural factors are essentially important in selection of the two elements of place and product. For example, soul brought p in an environment that values art would be more likely to buy dainty products. Even it may be important considering customers in terms of their sub-culture. One may be surrounded by people who not only value art but place a high priority on paintings as opposed to the music. As a result, they provide be more likely to buy paintings rather than musical instrument. Pricing the artistic products and activities should also f ollow a logic trend. This practice may be done through some standards set among artists of the alike(p) class or by the very artist creator of his work.In general, as it can be seen, due to the difference. (Shahhosseini & Ardahaey, 2011) The Four Ps of the marketing mix became an indisputable icon in academic research, the validity of which was taken for granted. For most marketing researchers in large break ups of the academic world it seems to remain the marketing truth even today. The Four Ps of the marketing mix had been even referred to as the holy quadrupleof the marketing faith written in tablets of stone. (Gronroos, Toward a Relationship Marketing Paradigm, 1994)The marketer plans various actor of ambition and blends them into a marketing mix so that a profit function is optimized, or rather satisfied. The marketing mix, concept was introduced by Neil Borden in the 1950s, and the mix of different means of competitions was soon labeled the Four Ps. (Gronroos, Toward a Re lationship Marketing Paradigm, 1994) Any marketing paradigm should be well set to fulfill the marketing concept, i. e. the notion that the firm is best off by designing and directing its activities according to the needs and desires of customers in elect target markets. Gronroos, Toward a Relationship Marketing Paradigm, 1994) American Marketing Association, in its most recent definition states that marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods and services to create exchange and satisfy individual and organizational objectives (emphasis added) (Gronroos, From Marketing Mix to Relationship Marketing Towards a Paradigm Shift in Marketing, 1994) The problem with the Marketing Mix One can easily argue that the four Ps of the marketing mix are not well able to fulfill the requirements of the marketing concept.As Dixon and Blois put it, indeed it would not be unfair to suggest that far from being concerned with a cu stomers interests (i. e. somebody for whom something is done) the views implicit in the Four P approach is that the customer is somebody to whom something is done (emphasis added) . To use a marketing metaphor, the marketing mix and its four Ps constitute a production-oriented definition of marketing, and not a market-oriented or customer oriented one. Moreover, although the interactive nature of the Ps is recognised, the model itself does not explicitly include any interactive elements.Furthermore, it does not indicate the nature and scope of such interactions. (Gronroos, Toward a Relationship Marketing Paradigm, 1994) Van Waterschoot and Van den Bulte recognize three flaws in the Four P model * The properties or characteristics that are the basis for classification piss not been identified. * The categories are not mutually exclusive. * in that respect is a catch-all subcategory that is continually growing . Many marketing-related phenomena are not included. Moreover, as Johan Arndt has concluded, marketing research remains narrow in scope and even myopic, and methodological issues become more important than substance matters. Gronroos, From Marketing Mix to Relationship Marketing Towards a Paradigm Shift in Marketing, 1994) The Nature of the Marketing Mix The usefulness of the Four Ps as a general marketing theory for practical purposes is, to say the least, highly questionable. Originally, although they were largely based on falsifiable induction and earlier lists of marketing functions of the functional school of marketing, they were probably developed under the influence of microeconomic theory and specially the theory of monopolistic competition of the 1930s, in order to add more realism to that theory. However, very soon the connection to microeconomic theory was cut off and subsequently totally forgotten. Theoretically, the marketing mix became just a list of Ps without roots. (Gronroos, Toward a Relationship Marketing Paradigm, 1994) Managing th e marketing mix makes marketing seem too easy to underwrite and organize.Marketing is separated from other activities of the firm and delegated to specialists who take care of the analysis, planning and implementation of various marketing tasks, such as market analysis, marketing planning, advertising, sales promotion, sales, pricing, distribution and product packaging. Marketing departments are created to take responsibility for the marketing function of the firm, The marketing department approach to organizing the marketing function has isolated marketing from design, production, deliveries, technical service, complaints handling, invoicing and other activities of the firm.As a consequence, the rest of the organization has been alienated from marketing. Therefore, it has made it difficult, often even impossible, to turn marketing into the integrative function that would ply other departments with the market-related input needed in order to make the organization truly market orie nted and reach a stage of co-ordinated marketing the marketing specialists organized in a marketing department may get alienated from the customers.Managing the marketing mix means relying on mass marketing. Customers become amount for the marketing specialists, whose actions, therefore, typically are based on surface information obtained from market research reports and market share statistics. Frequently such marketers act without ever having encountered a real customer. The marketing department concept is obsolete and has to be replaced by some other way of organizing the marketing function, so that the organization will have a chance to become market-oriented.A traditional marketing department will always, in the final analysis, stand in the way of feast market orientation. The use of the marketing mix management paradigm and the Four Ps has made it very difficult for the marketing function to earn credibility. somewhat firms have solved this problem not only by downscaling o r altogether terminating their marketing departments but also by banning the use of the term marketing for the marketing function. (Gronroos, Toward a Relationship Marketing Paradigm, 1994) What is the History of the Marketing Mix?A paradigm like this has to be well formed by hypothetic deduction and empirical research otherwise much of marketing research is based on a loose foundation and the results of it questionable. Let us assure at the history of the marketing mix paradigm and the four Ps. The marketing mix developed from a notion of the marketer as a mixer of ingredients, which was an expression originally used by James Culliton (1948) in a study of marketing costs in 1947 and 1948. The marketer plans various means of competitions and blends them into a marketing mix, so that a profit function is optimized, or rather satisfied.The marketing mix is actually a list of categories of marketing variables, and to begin with, this way of defining or describing a phenomenon can n eer be considered a very valid one. A list never includes all relevant elements, it does not fit every situation, and it becomes obsolete. And indeed, marketing academics every now and then offer additional Ps to the list, once they have found the standard tablet of faith too limited. (Gronroos, Toward a Relationship Marketing Paradigm, 1994) Kotler has, in the context of megamarketing, added public relations and politics, thus expanding the list to six Ps.In service marketing. Booms and Bitner (1982) have suggested three additional Ps, people, physical evidence and process. Judd (1987) among others, has argued for just one new P, people. Advocators of the marketing mix paradigm sometimes have suggested that service should be added to the list of Ps (e. g. Lambert and Harrington 1989 and Collier 1991). J It is, by the way, interesting to notice that after the four Ps were definitely canonized sometime in the early 1970s new items to the list are almost exclusively put in the form of PsIt is also noteworthy that Bordens original marketing mix included 12 elements, and that this list was not intended to be a definition at all. Borden considered it guidelines only, which the marketer probably would have to reconsider in any given situation. In line with the mixer of ingredients metaphor he also implied that the marketer would blend the various ingredients or variables of the mix into an integrated marketing program. This is a fact that advocators of the four Ps (or five, six, seven or more Ps) and of todays marketing mix approach seem to have totally forgotten.In fact, the four Ps represent a significant oversimplification of Bordens original concept. McCarthy either misunderstood the meaning of Bordens marketing mix when he reformulated the original list in the work out of the rigid mnemonic of the four Ps where no blending of the Ps is explicitly included or his followers misinterpreted McCarthys intentions. In many marketing textbooks organized around the mar keting mix, such as Philip Kotlers well-known Marketing Management (e. g. 991), the blending aspect and the need for integration of the four Ps are discussed, even in depth, but such discussions are always limited due to the fact that the model does not explicitly include an integrative dimension. (Gronroos, Toward a Relationship Marketing Paradigm, 1994) Contemporary Theories of Marketing In most marketing textbooks the marketing mix management paradigm and its Four Ps are passive considered the theory of marketing. Indeed, this is the case in much of the academic research into marketing however, since the 1960s alternative theories of marketing have been developed.As Moller observes in a recent overview of research traditions in marketing, from the functional view of marketing mix management our focus has extended to the strategic theatrical role of marketing, aspects of service marketing, political dimensions of channel management, interactions in industrial networks to mentio n just a few evolving trends. The interaction/network approach to industrial marketing was originated in Sweden at Uppsala University during the 1960s and has since spread to a large number of countries.Between the parties in a network various interactions take place, where exchanges and adaptations to each other occur. A flow of goods and information as well as financial and social exchanges takes place in the network. In such a network the role and forms of marketing are not very clear. All exchanges, all sorts of interactions have an impact on the position of the parties in the network. The interactions are not necessarily initiated by the seller the marketer according to the marketing mix management paradigm and they may continue over a long period of time, for example, for several years.The seller, who at the same time may be the buyer in a reciprocal setting, may of course employ marketing specialists, such as sales representatives, market communication people and market ana lysts but in addition to them a large number of persons in functions which according to the marketing mix management paradigm are non-marketing, such as research and development, design, deliveries, customer training, invoicing and credit management, has a decisive impact on the marketing success of the seller in the network.In the early 1970s the marketing of services started to emerge as a separate area of marketing with concepts and models of its own geared to typical characteristics of services. In Scandinavia and Finland the Nordic School of Services more than research into this field elsewhere looked at the marketing of services as something that cannot be separated from overall management. (Gronroos, Toward a Relationship Marketing Paradigm, 1994) The New Approaches and the Marketing MixThe interaction and network approach of industrial marketing and modern service marketing approaches, especially the one by the Nordic School, clearly views marketing as an interactive process in a social context where blood building and management is a alert cornerstone. They are in some respects clearly related to the systems-based approaches to marketing of the 1950s (compare, for example, Alderson 1957). The marketing mix paradigm and its four Ps, on the other hand, is a much more clinical approach, which makes the seller the active part and the buyer and consumer passive.No personalized relationship with the producer and marketer of a product is supposed to exist, other than with professional sales representatives in some case. The development of innovative theories, models and concepts of industrial marketing (interaction/network approach) and service marketing has clearly present that the marketing mix paradigm and its four Ps finally have reached the end of the road as the universal marketing theory. From a management point of view the four Ps, undoubtedly, may have been helpful. The use of various means of competition became more organized.However, the four P s were never applicable to all markets and to all types of marketing situations. The development of alternative marketing theories discussed above demonstrate that even from a management perspective, the marketing mix and its four Ps became a problem. Their pedagogic elegance and deceiving sense of simplicity made practical marketing management look all too clinical and straightforward even for actors in the consumer packaged goods field where they were originally intended to be used. Consumer goods amounts to a considerable business, and there the four Ps could still fulfill a function.However, many of the customer relationships of manufacturers of consumer goods are industrial-type relationships with wholesalers and retailers, and the retailers of consumer goods more and more consider themselves service providers. In such situations the four Ps have less to offer even in the consumer goods field. Moreover, as far as the marketing of consumer goods from the manufacturer to the ulti mate consumers is concerned, there is a growing debate whether one can continue to apply marketing in the traditional mass marketing way. Gronroos, Toward a Relationship Marketing Paradigm, 1994) The Future The Relationship Marketing idea In the relationship marketing concept to be presented here the core variables are relationships, networks and interaction. The choice is not arbitrary these variables recurrently emerge in the new marketing theories that have challenged the reigning marketing management paradigm during the past twenty-five years. These variables are not new they were there thousands of years ago and they present themselves here and now. They will be here in the future, no matter if they are represented by relationship marketing or something else. They are part of society. In fact, society is nothing less than a network of relationships within which we interact, and marketing is a dimension of society. Research and education in business have only recently begun to acknowledge the existence of relationships, but have not as yet understood their omnipresence and deep impact on marketing. Although it is encouraging that relationships have been made visible and that the interest in them is soaring, major problems follow.One is that those who start to explore and implement relationship marketing techniques are often not sufficiently familiar with the foundations of relationship marketing, its paradigm. Furthermore, relationship marketing is put under siege by the traditional marketing management paradigm, and the techniques used in relationship marketing implementation are often more grounded in marketing management values than in relationship marketing values. (Gummesson, 2002)An integral element of the relationship marketing approach is the promise concept, which has been strongly emphasized by Henrik Calonius According to him the responsibilities of marketing do not only, or predominantly, including giving promises and thus persuading custome rs as passive counterparts on the marketplace to act in a given way. Fulfilling promises that have been given is equally important as means of achieving customer satisfaction, retention of the customer base and long-term profitability (compare also Reichheld and Sasser).He also stresses the fact that promises are mutually given and fulfilled. (Gronroos, Toward a Relationship Marketing Paradigm, 1994) Relationship Marketing There are many definitions of relationship marketing, most of them stressing the development and maintenance of long term relationships with customers and sometimes with other stakeholders. Total relationship marketing is marketing based on relationships, networks and interaction, recognizing that marketing is embedded in the total management of the networks of the selling organization, the market and society.It is directed to long term win-win relationships with individual customers, and value is jointly created between the parties involved. It transcends the bo undaries between specialist functions and disciplines. Total relationship marketing embraces not just the supplier-customer dyad as does one-to-one marketing and CRM (customer relationship management) but also relationships to a suppliers own suppliers, to competitors and to middlemen these are all market relationships. (Gummesson, 2002) Is There a Paradigm Shift in Marketing? Relationships do not function by themselves.As McInnes said already three decades ago, the existence of a market relation is the foundation of exchange not a switch over for it. Only in extreme situations, for example when the computer systems of a buyer and a materials provider are connected to each other in order to initiate and execute purchase decisions automatically, the relationship, at least for some time, may function by itself. In such situations one comes close to what Johan rndt called domesticated markets, where proceedingsare usually handled by administrative processes on the basis of negotiated rules of exchange.Normally, advertising, distribution and product branding, for example, will still be needed, but along with a host of other activities and resources. (Gummesson, 2002) However, what marketing deserves is new perspectives, which are more market-oriented and less manipulative, and where the customer indeed is the focal point as suggested by the marketing concept. final stage Marketing mix as a general perspective evolved because at one time it was an effective way of describing and managing many marketing situations.Before the marketing mix there were other approaches. Now time has made this approach less helpful other than in specific situations. New paradigms have to come. subsequently all, we live in the 1990s, and we cannot for ever continue to live with a paradigm from the 1950s and 1960s. However, bearing in mind the long-term damages of the marketing mix as the universal truth, we are going to need several approaches or paradigms Relationship marketing will be one of them.

Men are Becoming More Evil Essay

I believe that in the last couple of decades man is meet more immorality. umteen blame the media. Then there are those who blame the increasing number of dysfunctional family and the weakening relationship between parents and children. Whatever the cause, one thing is clear, and that is manpower are becoming more brutal, violent, in merciful and evil.Global crime rate, for example, has shown that all countries around the world have steady join on in robbery, homicide and other crimes. The innate recorded crime trends have therefore shown similar steady increase in the last 50 decades. This was reported by the United Nations Survey of crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems.Juvenile delinquency is also increasing as reported by World Youth Report, 2003. In fact, in more Western European countries, from the 80s to the 90s, statistics show that there is a significant increase in juvenile delinquency rate from 50% to 100%. Moreover, although delinquency is univers al, meditate has shown that there are different contributing factors to delinquency among different regions. For example, in Africa, the main cause is poverty, unemployment and malnutrition. In Asian countries, it is an urban phenomenon. In some countries, especially those in the Golden Triangle region, children are used by the drug industry, thereby becoming addicts themselves.Also in this region, children are victimized by human trafficking. In Latin America, it is homelessness and poverty. Arab world, it is urbanization for the rich countries and socioeconomic difficulties for the developing ones. While in many industrialized countries, such as the US, the main factor is increase in consumer goods. What this shows is that across the globe and with different factors, delinquency is becoming a way of life for many children. Gone are the days when children are innocent. straight off they grow up in a world of violence, injustice and inhumanity that they themselves become violent, cruel and evil. Their crimes can be considered most heinous.In the last cardinal years school shootings is becoming more common. Then there are children who are not even in their teens commit senseless and extremely cruel crimes, such as Jon Venables andRobert Thompson who stole, tortured and murdered a two year old boy. Whether this is caused by the environment, the media or family upbringing, it is clear that men are therefore becoming more evil. Becoming evil of course is a process as it does not happen overnight. It means that there is hope yet for the future generations. Societies cogency change and evil men might repent and turn their backs on their evil ways. But until that day comes, we see man becoming more evil with each passing day.

Lenovo’s Five Industry Forces Essay

In recent geezerhood, disceptation in the IT market economy has turned fierce. To conk competition, all organizations need to be fully aware of the prevailing business environment and industrial forces to keep in line that their returns conform to the guests expectations as the savor and choice of the customer changes rapidly over time. Lenovo has apply unique competitive marketing strategy over the social classs to achieve rapidly increasing theatrical role of the market. Its products are reliable, durable and of high quality, but there is always a great deal of threat from leading competitors in the market. Recent weakening of the US economy, falling dollar value and fierce competition among rivals are some of the irritants to Lenovos growth.As a ball-shaped leader in the PC market, Lenovos success rests on its ability to deliver consumer centric innovations in products that deliver a blend of mobility, performance and price. Analysis of marketing explore data so collec ted indicate that all organizations need to be in touch with their business market environment and feel the pulse and ever changing expectations of customers.Lenovo is a business that is built on product innovation, a exceedingly efficient world(a) supply chain and strong strategic execution. Its products range from exceptionally engineered laptops, ultrabooks, tablets, desktops and servers. tally to research, for businesses to understand adequately the nature of the competition and the industry forces that they face, they must define their market accurately by recognizing a broad base of its competitors. Major peremptory competitors of Lenovos personal data processors division are Apple Inc., Hewlett-Packard and Dell. Lenovos strategy is to develop latest PCs that are efficient, light in lean with latest features and of course with low competing price as there is cut throat competition in the market.With innovativeness, entrepreneurial spirit and teamwork across various cultur es, Lenovo has captured the global market and positioned itself within a short life span as a next generation global company of PCs. The general commonwealth of national as well as international economies effect profoundly the performance and prosperity of a company as economies are rarely changeless and uctuate quite often. Poor economic conditions make the environment much complex and managers jobs more difficult and demanding.The global recession that occurred in 2009 and the fall in global demand and the slow down in economic growth translated into a substantial reduction in global batch. As we already know, it affected the cross-border trade of virtually all countries and economic sectors and some industries are still battling with high inflation. Research shows that while Lenovos rivals are outsourcing, its in-house production has helped Lenovo stay upbeat with the competition by lowering their prices which is a key advantage to grow economically. Technology development im pacts substantially on peoples lives and companies fortunes. In a extremely competitive global marketplace all organizations need to be fully aware of the prevailing business environment and at the same time ensure that their products are upcoming conforming to the customers expectations that change rapidly over time.Lenovo has utilized unique competitive marketing strategy over the years to achieve rapidly increasing share of the IT market by introducing cutting and innovative products to its consumers including the state of the art portable lightweight notebooks, tablets and thinkpads. Customer behavior is influenced by sociocultural background such as use of language, use of colors, presentation styles and acceptance and trust inspired by the presented product. In addition, the earning capacity of the target customer group also determines their buying behavior. Lenovo have a strong foundation in place having established their products available worldwide exclusively for custome rs from different sociocultural and income level backgrounds Taking a cue from the demographic segmentation, manufacturers can design products that are relevant to a majority of the target market. The changing lifestyle trends submit innovating or transforming the existing product to keep up with their needs.Changes in populations in terms of their size and characteristics are thus very important to managers as it helps to signal the size and growth rates of markets, and the need for specific products. Lenovo originated in China and has expanded its operations worldwide by focusing on the demographics of different countries by targeting younger generation for their latest X1 Carbon which is their latest light design ThinkPad. Lenovos growth also comes from small towns, not just big cities policy-making and legal environment inuences the marketing decisions since business functions as per the set rules by the concerned government (s). China may be the second largest calling partn er of the U.S., but the road to this increasingly close relationship has not been an easy one.Despite the differences in political systems in the two countries centralized political system in China and a federalist political system in US, business interactions between the Lenovo and it US partners as well as customers has grown overtime. Lenovo has utilized this to its advantage to stay competitive in the IT market by utilizing cheap labor and other operational costs from China and relying on advanced technical from its US partners. Thereby, Lenovo is able to supply superior quality laptops, tablets to its customers world-wide a relatively lower price. Lenovo is one of the fastest growing PC companies nowadays and it is an excellent choice of industry to enter in. According to research, as per its sale records in the market, it is considered the worlds second-largest PC vendor serving customers in more than 160 countries. Lenovo has built its business on product innovation, efficie nt global supply chain and strong strategic execution.Even in tough and highly competitive environment, the company is thriving well reaffirming that the company is executing its plans well and it continues to deliver excellent industrial growth. Lenovo excelled in their business since in the last year as they earned $8 billion in revenue and $141 million as net profit. This year company is progressing aggressively as Lenovos front quarter recorded highest market share of 15 percent and profits up by 30 percent. They are taking appropriate risks by introducing new products to the target market and it looks like they have adopted the business concept very well.Given Lenovos continued growth over the past several(prenominal) years, I do believe that it is a good industry to enter. In order to make right business decisions, Lenovo seems to have carried out extensive research and analysis on demographic segmentation in identifying the target population for it various products across th e globe. As such Lenovo has in its cabinet a product matching with varied tastes, preferences, beliefs, temperaments, price etc. of different population groups. Depending upon the population strata targeted it has devised specific marketing strategies.ReferencesFletcher, Owen. (October 13, 2011). Lenovo passes Dell to become worlds No 2 PC maker. MarketWatch, The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved on November 10,2012, from http//www.marketwatch.com/story/lenovo-passes-dell-to-become-worlds-no-2-pc-maker-2011-10-13 Loretta Chao. (July 9, 2012). As Rivals Outsource, Lenovo Keeps Production In-House. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved on November 10, 2012, from http//www.ecommercejobs.com/2012/07/lenovo.pdf Ling, Zhijun (2005). The Lenovo affair the growth of Chinas computer giant and its takeover of IBM-PC.Retrieved on November 10, 2012, from http//books.google.com/books?id=Mg7TdU9E3d0C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0v=onepage&q&f=false Wang, et.al. The Strategic Marketi ng Management Analysis of Lenovo Group. The Journal of globose Business Management. Retrieved on November 10, 2012, from http//www.jgbm.org/page/19%20Wang%20Wen%20Cheng%20.pdf Jones, Gareth R. and George, Jennifer M. (2013). Essential of Contemporary Management. Pg 126-129.Lenovo. Retrieved on November 10, 2012, from http//www.lenovo.com The future is here Lenovo. (July 1, 2010) Retrieved on November 10 2012, from http//www.lenovo.com/ww/lenovo/pdf/report/E_099220100628a.pdf

Building effective technical skills

Chief operating officer The organization is full pointed by the COO. All the department heads will be reporting to him. The activities of exclusively departments will be assessed and approved by him. 1. Legal & Statutory department This department is represented by the private instructor Regulatory affairs. He will busy help of all regulatory registrations, their renewals, their compliances, disputes arising due to non compliances, etc. He will be a barrier employee reporting to the COO. 2. Human Resources segment carriage HRD is the head of this department.He is a line employee who takes c are of recruitment, training, remunerations, discipline, appraisals, outsourced services, etc. An Officer- HR, a staff employee reports to the motorbus HR. He takes care of time office, salaries and wages, documentation, coordination with other departments, etc. 3. Finance Department Manager Finance is the head of the department. He is a line employee taking care of budgeting, fund p lanning, taxations, accounting, auditing, etc. He is assisted by an accountant, a staff employee, who takes care of documentation, cash flow, ledger maintenance, day book maintenance, etc.Cashier, a staff employee takes care of billings, cash transactions, cash deposition, etc. He reports to the Manager Finance. 4. Sales & Marketing Department Manager Sales & Marketing heads the department. He is a line employee taking care of market research, planning, promotions, advertisements, store design & set up, sales, customer feedbacks and complaints, etc Building in effect(p) technical skills 04 executive Market Research, a line employee having a sound knowledge about the type of books reports to Manager Sales & Marketing. He utilizes his skills to forecastcustomer requirements and identify an adequate product mix from time to time. Executive Media is a line employee, reporting to the Manager Sales & merchandise, taking care of media and magazine advertisements, promotional prog rams, etc. Executive Stores Operations, a line employee, reports to the manager Sales & Marketing. He is responsible for the store design, displays, maintenance, etc. He co ordinates with the Inventory department to organize stocks. Retail sales persons are staffs reporting to the Executive Stores Operations. They take care of sales at various sales counters or sales zones.They are responsible for the packing and advancement of the purchased books to the delivery department. 5. Inventory Department Manager Inventory heads the department. His span management includes procurement, warehouse management, blood control, etc. He co ordinates with the Manager Sales & marketing to ensure that the stock levels are maintained properly. Purchase assistant, a staff employee reports to the Manager Inventory. He takes care of purchase order preparations, stock receipts, inward stocks verification, proceeds of damaged stocks, etc. Stores assistant reports to the Manager Inventory and he is a staff.He takes care of warehouse management, inventory control, documentation, etc. 6. Systems Department Executive Systems, is a line employee taking care of computer hardware, billing software, etc used by the organization. He reports to the COO. Co ordination Mechanism The co ordination mechanism in much(prenominal) a book store is as follows. The Executive Market research makes a thorough study of the market and prepares an adapted product mix. This is sent to the Manager Inventory. The Stores assistant assesses the stock situation in the book store and the warehouse. He sends a stock report to the Manager Inventory.Based on the market requirements and the stock situation, the Manager Inventory prepares the Procurement plan. He directs the Purchase assistant to conduct purchases based on the procurement plan. This cycle repeats on a regular frequency. Comparison of a traditional book store and an online book store This is a traditional bookstore, operated by a tradit ional Hierarchical structure. The quantum of convey involved is more and wherefore a relatively higher number of employees are employed. The information flows from the top level to the bottom level through paper correspondences or mail communications.These shops are slow in adapting to the market changes. The stocks are usually built and maintained based on the market forecasts. Hence, this type of stores usually carries a large inventory and hence requires a lot of space. This has a direct impact on the financial overheads. The book stores like Barnes & Noble, Amazon or Border are online bookstores since 90s. They are E enabled business concerns. They make use of the web and the Information and communication Technology (ICT). Hierarchical flow of information is less. The flow of information is through digital mode and fast.They usually maintain low inventories. They take the order from the customers, procure the requirements from the suppliers and deliver them to the customers di rectly. Their inventory carrying costs are much lower. The quantum of work involved is less and the flow of information is more. The savings due to the reduction in the inventory levels are passed on to the customers. References 1. Electronic Commerce Opportunities and Challenges by Syed Mahbubur Rahman, Mahesh Raisinghani 2. The E-Commerce password by Steffano Korper and Juanita Ellis. 3. Electronic Commerce The New Business Platform for the Internet by Debra Cameron

Abolition for Bilingual Education

One half of United States children who atomic number 18 not proficient in English live in calcium, a state whos future depends on these three million children becoming fluent in English. In 1968, the multilingual breeding Act was passed with the theory that if you academically instructed students in their native vocabulary first, learning English would be better and faster in the immense run. Since the passage of multilingual education, there has been a continuing debate over whether or not the programs are benefiting children.Although there is not any research to support this conclusion, multilingual advocates take that bilingual students who first master Spanish and then make a transition to English, do at least as well academically in the long run as their English-only counterparts (Netkin 1). Supporters feel that even if students are not gaining in English, the programs keep them from falling behind in content areas and also win their conceit, which gives them the confi dence to catch up later.The search for some proof that the five one hundred million dollar industry works to help immigrant children learn English, in order to prosper in a California society, continues with little achiever. For decades throughout California, bilingual education has been commended as a miracle for schoolchildren who are not proficient in English, but the programs have been proven to be unsuccessful and should be abolished. Research indicates that bilingual programs are not helping children, but instead are li very(prenominal) about high drop out rates and low test scores.There have been many struggles to educate children in bilingual programs. Teachers and instructional materials are hard to find, which makes instruction in academic subjects to the great number and mix of children difficult. Highly transient students and the in might to involve parents in their childrens education present a barrier to instruction. Bilingual programs require great amounts of money that California taxpayers should not have to provide because taxpayers should not be responsible for teaching immigrants the American language. suggestion 227 was passed in June of 1998 that was to eliminate bilingual education and place children with limited English proficiency into classes where English is the only language spoken. This new law leave alone modify California schoolchildren to succeed in America and taxpayers will no longer have to provide for a program that actually keeps children from learning English, the language of their future, and hinders success in American society (McCain). 63% of research shows no difference between bilingual education and doing nothing (Research Evidence of Bilingual Education 4). from each one year, only five percent of the bilingual schoolchildren gain English proficiency. Scores on comprehensive tests reveal that students who move from bilingual classes to English-only classes are ineffectual to perform. Hispanic children in biling ual classes end up not speaking either Spanish or English well (Netkin 2). They have the highest dropout rate, forty percent, of any pagan group and have consistently scored the lowest on Scholastic Assessment Tests. Instructing children in their official language and not teaching them English is making the children unable to succeed in society.Since this is an American country, children should be placed in English speaking classrooms in order to learn the language of the dominant group. Educating children in bilingual programs is difficult. Schools cannot provide the proper bilingual instruction because teachers and materials are limited or unavailable. Students speak languages that are not historically represented in the United States so bilingual teachers and materials for the languages are nonexistent. Even in schools where all students speak Spanish, teachers are hard to find and have to be recruited from Spanish speaking countries.However, sometimes the immigrant teachers can not be certified to teach because they lack a college degree or simply cannot pass the English portion of a state teacher certification test. The California Department of Education estimates that about twenty-two thousand bilingual teachers are needed for instruction and studies predict that filling the need may be impossible. Bilingual education cannot provide children with the instruction needed to prosper in California so the programs should be eliminated. Immigrant students are highly transient which makes continuous instruction difficult. wise students arrive to schools on a monthly basis, contributing to overcrowded classrooms that make teaching complex. Existing students move frequently or are regularly absent for long periods of time, disrupting their learning. Often times, students with excessive absences from school cannot be promoted to the next grade level or graduate, which makes the children discouraged and leads to them dropping out of school. Transient actions effect a students ability to receive an education, contributing to the failure of bilingual programs.Parental involvement is important for student achievement, but extreme struggles arise when trying to involve parents in their childrens education. legion(predicate) parents are illiterate in their native language as well as English, making communication impossible. Translators are used successfully, but for uncommon languages, very few translators are available. Parental self-help classes are provided to parents who have trouble communicating. The classes have taught parents how to help their children in school, but several problems with parent involvement confront.Without the five hundred million dollars a year that taxpayers provide to the federal government, bilingual education programs would not exist. Why should the taxpayer be responsible for immigrants learning the American language? onward entering this country immigrants know that English is the dominant language, therefore, t hey should be responsible for learning the language themselves. By not knowing English and being unable to communicate effectively, newcomers are only hurting themselves. Taxpayers should not be responsible for educating immigrants.Learning English should be the responsibility of the person seeking to speak the language. proffer 227 was passed to eliminate bilingual education. Children with limited English proficiency are to be placed into English-only classes where their native language is never spoken. This practice is called English immersion, a non-taxpaying governing body that will push children toward the quickest path to success in America. Students will learn English better and faster by being around the language all-day and everyday.The quicker they learn the language the sooner the students will be able to join in with their peers and develop an education. Although Proposition 227 was passed in June of 1998 to eliminate bilingual education, the programs remain in schools . In Redwood City, south of San Francisco, the school district reports that eighty percent of Spanish-speaking children are still enrolled in bilingual (Michels). Many otherwise schools have confessed to not eliminating bilingual classes. The schools feel that the children need to be transferred to English-only classes slowly in order to avoid student confusion.Bilingual supporters feel that the programs give children self-esteem and a better education. This is absurd. Separating children from others because they cannot speak English makes them feel insecure and different. If anything, the students loose self-esteem and pride, making learning difficult. Bilingual programs are a failure and schools should pursue the law and abolish the instruction. The students will gain whatever added self-esteem they need when they develop proficiency in English, the language in which their peers are learning, and the language that they will need to succeed in the United States (Netkin 1)

Caribbean Sociology Essay

OVERVIEWE very(prenominal) discourse has a context. Every discourse has a motor. The Sociology that developed in nineteenth century France was a response to the accessible crisis that was experienced there at that time. The Sociology that developed in 19th century France had a context. The man who is considered to be the founding father of Sociology, Auguste Comte was convinced that a acquisition of smart set was possible and would be capable of restoreing French society. The major problematic of France in the 19th century was the need to reconstruct French society. Thus, the motive of 19th century European Sociology was to develop principles that would guide the reconstruction of France. It is extremely important to recognize that Auguste Comte was motivated by the need to make a contribution to the learning of his society. As sociologists of the Caribbean, we backsidenot overlook this critical component of sociological discourse. Sociologists of the Caribbean must focus on m aking a contribution to the upliftment of the people of the Caribbean. In order to do this, we must identify the major problematic of the region i.e. the context upon which a genuine sociology of the Caribbean is construct.Caribbean Sociologists can make a positive contribution to the development of the region. However, in order to this, they must adopt a highly critical perspective. We cannot continue to eng date in what Holmes and Crossley (2004) refer to as the uncritical, intercultural transfer of knowledge and models of development. bandage sociological models of the Caribbean (plural, creole, plantation society theses) focus on the outer-structural features of the Caribbean reality, it is important to appreciate that Caribbean society isreflected in a powerful way in the disposition of Caribbean people. The oddity and complexity of the reality that is the Caribbean lies in the fact that making sense of the Caribbean is not simply about unravelling the denouement of cordia l structure moreso, it is about a fishy and complex experience. The Caribbean experience is about pitying beings struggling to find a sense of place. This comes out powerfully in the work of Derek Walcott. In the poem A Far Cry From Africa, Walcott writesI who am poisoned with the blood of two, where shall I turn divided to the vein? I who have cursed the drunken officer of British rule, how choose I amidst this Africa and the English tongue I love? I betray them both or give back what they give? How can I face much(prenominal) slaughter and be cool? How can I turn from Africa and live?Derek Walcotts work must be seen as a response to his experience of the Caribbean and as much(prenominal) must be regarded as sociological. Sociology is a response to social conditions. It does not have to be a science. It has to be true. We need to examine the Caribbean reality through pure lenses. The Caribbean region is an invaded office a space invaded by capitalism. The notion invaded su ggests that there is a key difference between a genuine capitalist state and one that has been invaded. The Caribbean is yet to enjoy the benefits of capitalism as derived by real capitalist states such as the United States of America and Great Britain. It is safe to contend that the Caribbean is not a real capitalist space.The Caribbean is an end product of capitalism Mark Figueroa (2007) argued that the mystery of the Caribbean lies in the fact that the region has always been associated with capitalism. How then can we describe that space that has always been associated with capitalism? Related to the notion of invaded space is the notion of warp space. A distorted social space refers to that which is characte rotated by multiple distortions and contradictions. The idea of distorted space has significant implications for the human beings that inhabit that space. Do we expect that the human beings of a distorted social space to have a healthy consciousness?Caribbean society was born out of oppression. Slavery was an oppressiveinstitution and thereof had a destructive effect on the human being. Slavery did not serve to humanise. Slavery dehumanised. We must come to terms with this fact slavery had a dehumanising effect on Caribbean people. The question is what have we done to rehumanise Caribbean people?Our issue in the Caribbean is to reconstruct the human being whose social and psychological orientation has been built on the legacy of an oppressive and dehumanizing system. The notions plural society, plantation society and creole society underscore the preoccupation of Caribbean social scientists with the structure of society. What we need to be concerned about is not simply the structure of Caribbean society but rather the state of the human being in the Caribbean. We should have developed perspectives on how to reconstruct the human being in the Caribbean. In so doing we would have been true to our context. In so doing, we would have contributed imme nsely to the progress of the region.It was Professor Hilary Beckles (2004) who say that the built in bed in the Caribbean is grave. He went on to say that we have not had economic growth in the region for twenty years. He therefore asked a very serious question What are we to make of our history?I ask, what is the nature of the Caribbean development problem?THE INNERINNERNNER-DYNAMICS OF THE CARIBBEAN DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMThe development problem of the Caribbean extends beyond the parameters of economicals. It emerges from a peculiar set of historico-psychological conditions. Non-economic factors therefore represent major components of the Caribbean development equation. Don Marshalls (1998) examination of the West-Indian development experience illustrates the critical grapheme of non-economic factors. Marshall argues that the key economic players the plantation owners, the merchants and the royalists had no real stake in the transformation of the region. It was not in the interes t of these key players to transform the local miserliness.Rather, it was in the expansion ofthe commercial sphere of the colonial economy that the planter-merchant elite group could reproduce and entrench it ego. The behaviour of the plantermerchant elite in West-Indian society is no doubt peculiar. It portrays the planter-merchant elite as a class motivated not solely by the need for capital accumulation but rather by the need to prevent its position of dominance.This paper contends that people of distorted social spaces do act in opposition to themselves. We now examine the link between capitalism and a poverty of consciousness. I refer to a take in I conducted in 1998. The title Dependency in a Banana Producing community in hobnailed St. Lucia A micro- direct Sociological Investigation. The main aim of the study was to unmask the meanings that banana farmers attached to banana farming.CAPITALISM AND CONSCIOUSNESSIntroductionThe Shift from Sugar to Bananas in St.luciaCaribbe an societies are very unfortunate in the sense that they do not own their spaces. While capitalism developed naturally in Europe, capitalism invaded our space at a time when we were not ready for it. Invasions such as these do not facilitate the natural progression of the consciousness of a people. The cosmos of the banana persistence into the St. Lucian economy in the early 1950s represented a significant historical moment. It was the first successful cash crop since slavery. erst again, the space that we refer to as the Caribbean was invaded by capitalist interests. It was the post-second world war period when Britain had lost its hegemony of the world. Consequently, it became more expensive for Britain to import fruit from America. Britain then advance its colonies to produce bananas for the British market.At the time of the introduction of the banana industry, St. Lucia had a vibrant peasantry whose efforts resulted in a relatively diversified agricultural sector. Casimir an d Acosta (1980) notemono-production was not as acute in St.Lucia as in the other West-Indian islands. The country enjoyed a comfortable position as far as the productionof viands was concerned.The radical shift from sugar to bananas that occurred in the late 1950s was possible through the existence of a vibrant peasantry. Elsie Le Franc (1980) noted St. Lucias singularity in that it was the only Caribbean island to have switched completely from one monocrop to another. In 1951, sugar represented 47% of the total value of St.Lucias exports, ten years afterward however, sugar represented a meager 1.3% of total exports.Plantation development in St.Lucia was relatively poor due to the instability created by the fourteen wars between France and Britain for its possession. As a result, land was available for the ex-slaves to squat upon rather than work for meek wages. The planters were therefore forced to adopt the metayage system that allowed them to reap the benefits of labour witho ut remunerative wages. Through the metayage system, peasants worked a plot of land, paying rent in the form of produce. This opportunity allowed the peasant class to develop a sort of independent feel from the early stages of emancipation.Apart from being suitable to the poor economic situation of the planter class, the system of metayage was also suited to the orientation of the rural population. Peter Adrien (1990) notes the impregnable sentimental attachment to the land and the practice of communal ownership. By the late 1950s peasant production had replaced plantation production in St. Lucia. It was therefore the rise of the peasant class that enabled the radical shift from sugar to bananas in St. Lucia. At that crucial point in St.Lucias history when a vibrant peasantry had overthrown the planter class, a banana industry invaded the possibility of the emergence of an autonomous peasant class that could have evolved into a true capitalist class. The invasion of the banana ind ustry disturbed the movement towards the establishment of a diversified agricultural sector in St.lucia. Consciousness and the Banana ExperienceIt was discovered that the banana farmers under study attached a very special sort of significance to currency. For them, money was not simply about the ability to satisfymaterial needs and wants. Rather, money performed a vital function within thecontext of the denuded self. The latter was confirmed by the fact that these banana farmers relied on external stimulants such as alcohol and marijuana. In fact, alcohol was the best selling commodity of the community.The research also revealed that the banana farmers under study saw themselves as pretermit by society, they did not feel part of the society. They said to me that the general feeling in the society was that Castries, the capital was St. Lucia. They felt alienated particularly with regard to the language. The conventional language in St. Lucia was English while the language of the p easant was creole.The idea that farmers would do anything for money was extremely pervasive and is linked to the idea of the denuded self. This craving for money seemed to beassociated with isolation and neglect, as money helped to bridge the gap between the conditions of their existence and those to which they aspired. There was also a kind of openness about the banana farmer that needed to be clothed as banana farming was perceived to be a low-status activity. As a low status activity, banana farming was regarded not for its own worth but rather for the money that was associated with it.It was therefore not difficult to predict that the collapse of the banana industry would lead to the direct movement of the young farmers in particular into the illegal drug business. In addition, a significant proportion migrated to neighbouring Martinique where they felt at home as far as language was concerned.It was concluded that while the farmers were earning a steady income and while we cel ebrated the importance of the banana industry to the economy using proclamations such as the banana industry is the bedrock/mainstay of the society, banana farming created among the farmers a false sense of selfhood, one base on money/materialism. Their notion of self was based ontheir ability to possess material things their notion of self revolved around money. It cannot be said that this is linked in any direct way to an upliftment of consciousness. It is unfortunate that the development discourse of the Caribbean does not adequately deal with the component of consciousness. ripening has to do with the developing of consciousness in the positive direction. When genuine development takes place in a society, it results in the upliftment of the consciousness of the people of that society. As stated earlier, the Caribbean region is characterized by a poverty of consciousness. What form then should Caribbean sociology take? The work of the sociologist of the Caribbean must be linked to the major problematic of the Caribbean. Caribbean sociology must be fundamentally diverse from other sociology. Caribbean sociology must be about raising the consciousness of Caribbean people.SOCIOSOCIO-POETRYAs a Sociologist of the Caribbean, I have identified a context and a motive for Caribbean sociology. The context is what I refer to as a poverty of consciousness. The motive therefore is to raise the consciousness of Caribbean people. My response so far has been the development of a new field what I refer to as Socio-Poetry. Socio-Poetry is much more than poetry that is stimulated by sociological issues the issues of poverty, crime, domestic violence, HIV/ AIDS, dysfunctional social institutions, unemployment and so on. Socio-Poetry is also about re-defining the boundaries of research and knowledge-making arguing for the largeer use of imagination in capturing the complex and peculiar contours of the Caribbean. Socio-Poetry emerges from the conviction that the complexit y and peculiarity of Caribbean society cannot be captured in its entirety by scientific methodology. Socio-Poetry offers a critical perspective.With regard to a critical perspective, in looking at Research phylogenesis Initiatives in St. Lucia, Holmes and Crossley (2004) argue that the development agenda in small states such as those of the Caribbean lacks the critical dimension. Holmes and Crossley therefore make a case for forms of knowledge such as music, dance and art that are in harmony with the socio-cultural reality i.e. knowledge that is sensitive to the meanings, values and processes underlying events and actions. In addition, Dr. Bhoendradat Tewarie lamentsthe lack of attention salaried to critical thinking in the Caribbean. Speaking of the extent to which critical thinking is being practiced at the University of the West-Indies, Dr. Tewarie contends.I suspect its not as general as it needs to be and perhaps we are not as persistent at it as we should be given the curre nt environment.Dr. Tewarie also argues that by writing about our own situation in the region, we will develop perspectives and insights about ourselves to share with others in the rest of the world.Socio-Poetry is a step in that direction. Socio-Poetry is an selection form of knowledge that represents the blend of sociological analysis and imaginative insight. Socio-Poetry is about writing about the Caribbean in an interesting way in order to take a leak a wider audience.To date, I have published two works of Socio-Poetry. My first work was called SEEDS that was a response to the crisis of identity of the Caribbean. SEEDS, was meant for adolescents and it was also aimed at portraying the parting of the arts in human development. The Harvest is about consciousness-raising. It is about writing about theCaribbean in interesting ways so as to stimulate dialogue, surround and further critical analysis .Please allow me to expose you to a socio-poetic portrait of the Caribbean from Th e HarvestLICKSFive womenat the bridle-path cornerlicking ice-cream,strawberry mark flavour.Five licking womenclutching cones in the sun.Tongues racing againstthe disappearing hills.Licks for banana,licks for cane-sugar.And then the hands,the hands thatserved tongues,fall below thewaists defeated,leaving five lickingwomen in anger,searching for redolenceon cracked lips.Tongues never win.Theyre trapped by teeththat delight intasteless carriers of cream.Licks for banana,licks for cane-sugar.Five licking women strandedat the street corner.Theyve lost the wayto the river, the sun burns.More ice-cream on astrawberry streetcorner.Licks for banana,licks for cane-sugar.The poem LICK S, examines the situation of the Caribbean in the global economy. It highlights the way in which we reinforce our status of dependency by being the tongues of the world, ready to lick foreign produced goods at the expense of our own development. Essentially, the poem speaks to the notion that we are both the li ckers of the world as well asthose who get licks.Dependency is a fundamental fact of life in the Caribbean and we cannot wait till students get to the university level to expose them to it. Therefore, while, we may not be able to teach the work of Lloyd Best and that of Andre Gunder Frank to Secondary school students we can expose them to LICKS paying great attention to its theme. In so doing, we would be raising the consciousness of our secondary level students on the dependency status of the Caribbean. It is extremely important to expose students ofthat age group to these themes as they are integral to who we are and as many of these students will not move on to university.Through socio-poetry, a sociologist of the Caribbean is not moreover focusing on teaching at the University level but is developing ways of taking her analyses of Caribbean society to the lower levels of the education system. The motive is to raise the consciousness of Caribbean people.A sociology of the Caribb ean must be a practical project, one with a specific, practical purpose one that is linked directly to the major problematic of the Caribbean.BIBLIOGRAPHYAdrien, Peter. 1990. Capitalism, Metayage and information A shifting shifting Pattern ofDevelopment in Dennery, St. Lucia, 18401840-1959.1959. Masters Thesis, University of the WestWestIndies, Consortium graduate School of Social Sciences, Jamaica.Beckford, George. 1967. The WestWest-Indian Banana Industry. Industry. Jamaica Institute of Socialand Economic Research.Casimir. J and Y. Acosta. 1982 . Social Structural changes in St. Lucia.Holmes Keith and Michael Crossley (2004). Whose Knowledge, Whose Values? The Contribution of Local Knowledge to Education Policy Processes A Case Study of Research Development Initiatives in the Small State of St. Lucia.Lewis, Arthur. 1993. The Evolution of the Peasantry in the British WestWest-Indies. LondonTewarie, Bhoendradat (2004), Critical Thinking. St. Augustine News, October 2003 March 2004 10.200410.Walcott, Derek. Collected Poems. Faber and Faber, London. 1996.Walcott, Derek. Omeros. Farar Straus Giroux, New York. 1991.

Golf Industry Competition

Case 3 COMPETITION IN THE GOLF EQUIPMENT INDUSTRY From its earliest beginnings in the 1450s, golf game was a peculiar juicy that tested the individual skill of each person who played. It is a game that takes a worker on a journey through a build of greens. The player must try to get the small, hard golf ball into the green or putting green which contains a hole in the ground. The player can only hit the ball with a golf club. play equipment, such as golf clubs, golf balls, and the like be the subject of this report.There are five agonistical forces private-enterprise(a) pressures stemming from purchaser bargaining power and seller-buyer collaboration competitive pressures coming from companies in other industries to win buyers over to substitute point of intersections competitive pressures stemming from supplier bargaining power and supplier-seller collaboration competitive pressures associated with the threat of new entrants into the market and competitive pressures associ ated with rivalry among competing sellers to attract customers.This is usually the strongest force) (Gamble & Thompson, 2011). There are a handful of rival competitors in the golf equipment perseverance. The leading manufacturers and marketers of Golf Equipment were Callaway Golf Company, TaylorMade-Adidas Golf, Titleist/cobra Golf, Ping Golf and Nike Golf. Innovation in regards to new technology as allowed by the USGA and R&A, product performance, brand image, tour exposure, and price were the competitive forces that had the greatest effect on the industry.In 2009, most golf club manufacturers had met dimension, volume, CT, and MOI limits and were attempting to achieve differentiation in drivers by either lowering the center of gravity to increase launch angle or by offering clubs with adjustable features (Gamble & Thompson, 2011). The pace of rivalry is non becoming more intense since the industry services a limited amount of players and must work within the industrys guide tele graph wires and regulations. Drivers of industry and competitive change include changes in an industrys ong-term growth rate increasing globalization emerging new internet capabilities and applications changes in who buys the product and how they determination it product innovation technological change and manufacturing process innovation marketing innovation entry or exit of major firms diffusion of technical know-how across more companies and more countries changes in cost and efficiency growing buyer preferences for differentiated products instead of a standardized commodity product regulatory influences and establishment policy changes and changing societal concerns, attitudes, and lifestyles (Gamble & Thompson, 2011, p 61).Differentiation of product, quality control, and touring professional golfers endorsements and their design preferences, along with other industry forces continue to shape the golf equipment industry. A magnetized professional touring golfer with perfecte d golf skills can bring a lot of positive changes to the golf industry. This might lead to change magnitude awareness and viewership, an increased number of new golfers and returning golfers, and innovative design of products.Key success factors (KSFs) may include particular strategy elements, product attrisolelyes, resources, competitive capabilities, or intangible assetsand answers these questions on what basis do buyers of the industrys product choose between the competing brands of sellers? That is, what product attributes are crucial? given the nature of the competitive forces prevailing in the marketplace, what resources and competitive capabilities does a company need to have to be competitively successful? and What shortcomings are almost certain to put a company at a significant competitive disadvantage? (Gamble & Thompson, 2011, pg 67, 69). Common tonality success factors include technology-related manufacturing-related distribution-related marketing-related skills- an d capability-related and other types of KSFs (Gamble & Thompson, 2011, p 68). Technology, innovative design, and cost control are the key factors that determine success of companies competing in the golf equipment industry. Callaway Golf, Ping Golf, and Taylor-Made Golf utilized the innovations in club head design the best.Important factors in evaluating industry and competitive surroundings include the industrys growth potential whether powerful competitive forces are squeezing industry profitability and whether competition appears destines to grow stronger or weaker whether industry profitability will be favorably or unfavorably affected by the prevailing driving forces the companys competitive position in the industry vis-a-vis rivals and how competently the company performs industry key success factors (Gamble & Thompson, 2011, p 69).Net gross sales for Callaway Golf is $1,117,204,000 in 2008 up from $934,564,000 in 2004 TaylorMade-Adidas Golf is 812,000,000 in 2008 (when the exchange rate was 2. 008 US dollars for ein truth 1) up from 633,000,000 in 2004 Fortune Brands Golf is $1,369,000,000 in 2008 up from $1,212,000,000 in 2004. Operating income for Callaway Golf is $84,188,000 in 2008 up from ($24,702,000) in 2004 operating profit for TaylorMade-Adidas Golf is 78,000,000 in 2008 (when the exchange rate was 2. 008 US dollars for every 1) up from 60,000,000 in 2004 Fortune Brands Golf is $125,000,000 in 2008 up from $154,000,000 in 2004.TaylorMade-Adidas Golf is doing extremely well. TaylorMade-Adidas Golf seem to have a strategy that copes strategically well with the competitive forces prevailing in the industry. The recession of 2008-2009 was very telling in the financial performance of the industrys major sellers. Some increased financially while others decreased. Callaway Golf s net sales decreased $7,387,000 in 2008 from 2007 TaylorMade-Adidas Golfs sales increased by 8,000,000 in 2008 (when the exchange rate was 2. 08 US dollars for every 1) from 2007 numbers Fortune Brands Golf decreased $31,000,000 in 2008 from 2007. I would recommend more explore and development to Callaway Golf. I would also recommend that their employees play golf with their clubs, balls, and other equipment and suggest product design to an unbiased top management. Perhaps Callaway Golf could make a few high-end specialty items that cater to player preferences including players with disabilities. Buyer access to its product line could also be streamlined and revamped to include low or no-cost shipping and handling.To Fortune Brands, I would recommend selling the golf division. It seems like Fortune is in the golf business to make money and although this is an essential trait, the golf business requires the company to be all in it to win it. I would recommend buyer seminars, classes, instruction offered to TaylorMade-Adidas Golf customers and business clientele. I would suggest that notification of these instructional seminars be marketed through high- end retailers and office pools in locations where golf is an accessible sport.Maybe a golf celebrity or other celebrity could show up at the seminars to increase the enthusiasm of TaylorMade-Adidas Golf product line. I would suggest that TaylorMade-Adidas Golf research the options of wider distribution points such as the internet and other outlets. If the issue is the instructional experience of the buyer, perhaps TaylorMade-Adidas Golf could offer some quick internet characterization access instruction or live instructional seminars (as mentioned above) to the internet buyer as well.Essentially, a company is to perform at its best capacity And whatsoever ye do, do it heartily, as to the Lord, and not unto men (Colossians 323) and Let every soul be subject unto the higher powers. For there is no power but of God the powers that be are ordained of God (Romans 131) REFERENCES Gamble, J. E. & Thompson, Jr. , A. A. (2011). Essentials of Strategic Management The Quest for Competitive A dvantage 2nd Edition. New York McGraw-Hill Irwin. devoted Bible (KJV). Public Domain.

Examine Sheriff’s presentation of Stanhope in Act One in Journey’s End

In core group One of Sheriffs Journeys mop up we descry Captain Stanhope presented as a passing respected individual by all members of the rank, who has been affected immensely psychologically by the contendfare.We see Stanhope existence respected throughout spot One, which can be seen in the beginning of the play where we see Osborne reacting in a defensive and protective focusing of Stanhope, verbal expression that Hes a long way the best comp any commander weve got to Hardy on foliate 4 where we learn of Stanhopes riotous drinking which makes the earreach unsure of Stanhope as a roughage as Sheriff introduces us to this problem to begin with we have met him, which instantly gives us a misfortunate first impression of Stanhope.Sheriff then builds Stanhopes character and the audience begin to realise that the effect of contend has taken its toll on Stanhope, who we learn is a hardworking, young commander who is struggling with the pressures of the struggle and use s whisky to help him get through. It is evident that Stanhope is good at arbitrary the company, as Osborne states Youve done longer than any man in the battalion. Its time you went international for a rest.Its due to you on page 27, depicting that Stanhope has worked extremely hard in the stopping point three years and should be proud with his achievements instead of being ashamed of himself because of what he has turned into. Osborne is a trustworthy character who Stanhope relies on and is a straightfor ward friend. We in like manner see Stanhope respected by capital of North Carolina, a young boy who knew Stanhope personally before the war. Stanhope was capital of North Carolinas inspiration to join the army, saying that he was frightfully keen to get into Denniss command to Osborne on page 12.He also describes his friend as splendid and describes them as terrific pals. Stanhope had such an effect on capital of North Carolina when they were at civilise together, and Stan hope stock-still admits that he is capital of North Carolinas chock to Osborne on page 26. We also see in this photo that Stanhope has realised even more so with Raleighs arrival his change and deterioration with his constitution in the last three years since the war began, saying as long as the heros a hero which he no longer thinks of himself as due to this drastic change.We also see in this scene Stanhope confide in Osborne, explaining that Raleighs sister doesnt know. She thinks Im a wonderful chap commanding a company portraying his disappointment in himself and how he feels as if he would let shoot his love if she knew the truth. He seems extremely passionate towards Raleighs sister as he explains that he couldnt bear to meet her, in causa she realised the person he has become and becomes loaded with Raleigh as he calls him a teensy-weensy prig when he believes he will no longer be equal to(p) to return to Raleighs sister once the war is over.Here we see a vulnerable and ashamed character, which is portrayed by Sheriff as he says if I went up those locomote into the front line without being doped with whiskey Id go mad with fright. This conveys the requirement for Stanhope to drink and that he would not be able to command the company as successfully as he does without having had whiskey.Osborne warns Raleigh on page 13, explaining to him you mustnt expect to find him quite the same and how the war tells on a man rather hard portraying the psychological effects of war and how in that location has been a complete change in Stanhope since connectedness the war. Raleigh remembers his hero as someone who was anti-alcohol, which he was before the war saying the roof nearly blew off when he caught some boys at school with a bottle of whiskey.This shows the desperation on Stanhopes behalf to cope with the war and has turned to alcohol for comfort, something that appears he was against three years earlier. Sheriff presents Stanhope as an indi vidual exhausting to cope with the pressure of the war in Act One, who appears to have changed drastically since the war began, helping the audience understand the psychological effects soldiers due to the war an issue to which they could possibly relate to as the war was a big part of their lives.Examine Sheriffs presentation of Stanhope in Act One in Journeys EndIn Act One of Sheriffs Journeys End we see Captain Stanhope presented as a highly respected individual by all members of the rank, who has been affected immensely psychologically by the war.We see Stanhope being respected throughout Act One, which can be seen in the beginning of the play where we see Osborne reacting in a defensive and protective way of Stanhope, saying that Hes a long way the best company commander weve got to Hardy on page 4 where we learn of Stanhopes excessive drinking which makes the audience unsure of Stanhope as a character as Sheriff introduces us to this problem before we have met him, which inst antly gives us a poor first impression of Stanhope.Sheriff then builds Stanhopes character and the audience begin to realise that the effect of war has taken its toll on Stanhope, who we learn is a hardworking, young commander who is struggling with the pressures of the war and uses whiskey to help him get through. It is evident that Stanhope is good at commanding the company, as Osborne states Youve done longer than any man in the battalion. Its time you went away for a rest.Its due to you on page 27, depicting that Stanhope has worked extremely hard in the last three years and should be proud with his achievements instead of being ashamed of himself because of what he has turned into. Osborne is a trustworthy character who Stanhope relies on and is a true friend. We also see Stanhope respected by Raleigh, a young boy who knew Stanhope personally before the war. Stanhope was Raleighs inspiration to join the army, saying that he was frightfully keen to get into Denniss regiment to O sborne on page 12.He also describes his friend as splendid and describes them as terrific pals. Stanhope had such an effect on Raleigh when they were at school together, and Stanhope even admits that he is Raleighs hero to Osborne on page 26. We also see in this scene that Stanhope has realised even more so with Raleighs arrival his change and deterioration with his personality in the last three years since the war began, saying as long as the heros a hero which he no longer thinks of himself as due to this drastic change.We also see in this scene Stanhope confide in Osborne, explaining that Raleighs sister doesnt know. She thinks Im a wonderful chap commanding a company portraying his disappointment in himself and how he feels as if he would let down his love if she knew the truth. He seems extremely passionate towards Raleighs sister as he explains that he couldnt bear to meet her, in case she realised the person he has become and becomes annoyed with Raleigh as he calls him a l ittle prig when he believes he will no longer be able to return to Raleighs sister once the war is over.Here we see a vulnerable and ashamed character, which is portrayed by Sheriff as he says if I went up those steps into the front line without being doped with whiskey Id go mad with fright. This conveys the necessity for Stanhope to drink and that he would not be able to command the company as successfully as he does without having had whiskey.Osborne warns Raleigh on page 13, explaining to him you mustnt expect to find him quite the same and how the war tells on a man rather badly portraying the psychological effects of war and how there has been a complete change in Stanhope since joining the war. Raleigh remembers his hero as someone who was anti-alcohol, which he was before the war saying the roof nearly blew off when he caught some boys at school with a bottle of whiskey.This shows the desperation on Stanhopes behalf to cope with the war and has turned to alcohol for com fort, something that appears he was against three years earlier. Sheriff presents Stanhope as an individual trying to cope with the pressure of the war in Act One, who appears to have changed drastically since the war began, helping the audience understand the psychological effects soldiers due to the war an issue to which they could possibly relate to as the war was a big part of their lives.

Ap Chemistry Free Response Answers

1. (a) I, III, and IV atomic number 18 correct. II is not correct. To explain III, de Broglies comparability states l = h/(mv), so nl = nh/(mv) = 2pi(r). Where l = wavelength, v = velocity of electron, n = some positive integer, r = standoffishness of electron from center, m = mass of electron. Solve, get mvr = L = nh/2pi. (b) The current wave mechanical exemplification for the atom states that there atomic number 18 an integer physique of wavelengths in e genuinely standinginteger deem (n). 2. (a) The first shell electrons in lithium are the closest electrons to the nucleus. In addition, there are proportionally much protons to electrons.This pulls the electrons even closer to the nucleus. And in Potassium, the satellite closely shell electrons are a substantial distance from the nucleus. There are a greater number of protons than electrons however, the large number of electrons dissipates the effect. This is in addition to Lithium being a much smaller neutral atom than Potassium because of the disparity in the outer shells. (b) The outer shell for Cl is the same as Cl- however, Cl-has more electrons beingattracted by the same number of protons. This weakens the attractiveness per electron. Since the attraction is weaker, the electrons are farther from the nucleus.Since the attraction is stronger for Cl, the electrons are closer to the nucleus. (c) Although the normal trend is for the ionization cypher to increase going to the right in a period, aluminum has a write downed ionization energy and magnesium has a raised ionization energy due to the electron configurations of these two ionizations. This reverses the align of ionization energies. (d) The ionization energy increases each time an electron is removed because there are less electrons attracted by the same number of protons while magnesium starts off at a relatively elevated value because it begins in one of the preferred rolls.The indorsement ionization energy is lowered because losing an electron forms a preferred form and because of this, this is a smaller than normal increase in ionization energy surrounded by the first and second ionization energies. The triplet ionization energy is increased the most because it starts in the most standard form. When you combine this with a lower than normal second ionization energy, you get a very large increase in ionization energy. 3. (a) As you go to the right of the period, there are more protons in the nucleus.The greater attraction makes it more difficult to remove electrons and first ionization energy is the energy necessary to remove an electron from a neutral atom. (b) Although the general trend is to have Boron with a higher first ionization energy than Berylium, Borons ionization potential is lowered and Beryliums ionization potential is raised, the decree is reversed. (c) O loses one electron and makes it easier to remove the electron and lowers the ionization potential. For nitrogen, it more difficult t o remove the electron and raises the ionization potential.And since Oxygens ionization potential is lowered and Nitrogens ionization potential is raised, the order is reversed. (d) Na has a lower first ionization energy than Li and also a lower ionization energy than Ne. Ne has the second highest first ionization energy of all the elements. 1s2is the most preferred electron configuration. s2p6of other shells are also highly preferred. Ne has the second highest first ionization potential because its 2s22p6. 4. (a) The type of decay expected for Carbon-11 would be positron emission. 116C - 115B + 01e (b) The type of decay expected for Carbon-14 would be Beta Decay as well. 46C - 147N + 0-1? (c) Gamma rays have no mass or charge, so they need not be shown in nuclear equations. (d) Measure the amount of Carbon-14 in the dead wood and compare with the amount of Carbon-14 in a similar living object. 5. (a) 23494Pu - 23092U + 42? (b) The missing mass has been converted into energy (E=mc2) . (c) A line should be pinched curving downward from the path of the dotted line. This will represent the path of the alpha particles which are repelled by the positive plate and attracted by the minus one. A second line should be drawn upward from the path of the dotted line.This will represent the path of the beta particles which are repelled by the negative plate and attracted by the positive one. The line should curve more than the one for the alpha particles. A third line should be drawn as a continuation of the dotted line. This will represent the da Gamma rays. (d) Incineration is a chemical process. The only thing any chemical process can do is come to radioactive atoms to other atoms, which has no effect on the radioactivity. 6. (a) As you go down the column in the root metals, the outer shell electrons are farther from the nucleus.The attraction for the outer shell electrons is decreased and because the attraction is decreased, therefore the melting point decreases. (b ) Intermolecular forces determine boiling and melting points. Halogens are all diatomic, which agency they bond with themselves. In these diatomic compounds, the only intermolecular force isLondon forces. The larger molecules can form temporary dipoles easier than small molecules. The larger molecules as you go down the column have a greater attractive force. This increases the melting point as you go down the column. 7. a) As radius increases the heat of chemical reply decreases. Which means less energy released by ionic attraction. (b) As ionization energy increases the heat of response decreases, which means more energy is required to form M2+ while other factors remain unchanged 8. Metals are good conductors of heat, generally malleable, and react by losing electrons to form cations. They tend to have s1, s2, s2p1, or s2p2as their outer shell. Most metals have just s1ors2. Nonmetals are poor conductors of heat, brittle, and gain electrons when reacting with metals to form ani ons.Nonmetals have every 3, 4, 5, or 6 electrons in the p subshell in addition to s2of the same shell number. When the last subshell is a d, the outer shell is s2of the next shell. Occasionally there will be only 1 electron in the s subshell and this explains when the transition elements are metals. When the last subshell is a f, the outer shell is s2of the second higher shell and this explains when the lanthanides and actinides are metals. This proves how more than half of the periodic table are metals. 9. (a) you have not learned this one yet (b) F2has the highestelectronegativityandelectron affinity.Thus it has the greatest attraction for extra electrons. F2 + 2e -2F 1 This makes the reaction more likely to occur. I2has the lowest electronegativity and electron affinity. Thus it has less attraction for extra electrons qualification the reaction I2 + 2e - 2I 1 less likely to occur. Because it can disperse the charge better, the reaction does occur. (c) The trend for alkali metals shows a very small variation in reducing strength without a real trend. caesium has the lowest ionization potential and Lithium has the highest ionization potential. However, there is not a great difference in the alkali metals.